Nā Lens Optical–Nā Leni Convex A me Concave
Hōʻike huahana
Lens lahilahi Optical - He lens i nui ka mānoanoa o ka ʻāpana waena i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka radii o ka curvature o kona mau ʻaoʻao ʻelua. I nā lā mua, ua hoʻolako wale ʻia ke kāmela me kahi lens convex, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "lens hoʻokahi". Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, loaʻa i nā lens hou kekahi mau convex a concave lens me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hana e hana ai i kahi lens converging, i kapa ʻia ʻo "lens hui". ʻO ka lens concave i loko o ka lens hui ke hana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā aberrations like ʻole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke aniani Optical he kiʻekiʻe ke aniani, ka maʻemaʻe, ke kala ʻole, ke ʻano like ʻole, a me ka mana refractive maikaʻi, no laila ʻo ia ka mea nui no ka hana ʻana i nā lens. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka haku mele ʻana a me ka helu refractive, loaʻa i ke aniani optical:
● Hoʻohui ʻia ke aniani Flint - ke kēpau oxide i ka haku aniani no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi refractive.
● ʻO ke aniani lei aliʻi i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka sodium oxide a me ka calcium oxide i ke aniani haku mele e hōʻemi i kona ʻano kuhikuhi.
● Lanthanum lei aniani aniani - ka mea i ʻike ʻia, loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke kiʻekiʻe refractive index a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hāʻawi ana i nā kūlana no ka hana ʻana i nā lens kiʻekiʻe.
Nā loina
ʻO ke aniani a i ʻole ka mea palaki i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi luminaire e hoʻololi i ke ala o ka mālamalama a i ʻole e kāohi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka māmā.
ʻO nā lens nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa maʻamau i hana i ka ʻōnaehana optical microscope. ʻO nā mea e like me nā lens pahuhopu, nā maka maka, a me nā condensers i haku ʻia me nā lens hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā nui. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā lens convex (nā lens maikaʻi) a me nā lens concave (nā lens maikaʻi ʻole).
Ke hele ka kukuna o ka malamalama e like me ke ko'iko'i opua nui ma o ka lens convex a oki i kekahi kiko, ua kapaia keia wahi "ka hookuonoono", a o ka mokulele e hele ana ma ke kikoo a me ka pololei i ke ko'i opi ua kapaia ka "focal plane. ". ʻElua mau kiko kiko, ʻo ke kiko kiko ma ka hakahaka o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "object focal plane", a ʻo ke kiko kiko ma laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo "object focal plane"; ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, ua kapa ʻia ke kiko kiko o ka wahi kiʻi "kiʻi kiko kiʻi". Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻaoʻao kikoo ma ka "image square focal plane".
